Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Cloning A World Problem Or Abomination Against Mankind
Cloning: An Answer to a World Problem or Abomination against Mankind Steven Jacob Bokov GOVT 2305-2P3 Professor McMahon August 4, 2015 Dolly the Sheep was a phenomenon that spread through the world like wildfire. She was born on July 5, 1996 and was the first mammal effectively cloned from an adult somatic cell. Dolly was such an amazing discovery because before her creation there was no evidence that proved that animal cells could form entirely new organisms. The process to create Dolly was an excruciating one that took two hundred seventy seven tries. Other laboratories at that time were unable to produce similar results to Dollyââ¬â¢s, much less a living, functioning clone. Dolly was so influential and renowned because she ââ¬Å"shattered theories in science,ââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬â¢ (Kolata, 2003) said Dr. Randall Prather, a cloning expert at the University of Missouri. People thought clones were impossible to create because of the complexity involved, and the failures that had happened in the past. With a great number of skilled biologists and scientists going into the study of cloning, the field has started growing and expanding to various counties around the world. The process of cloning is a timely and delicate process that has many pros and cons. When a scientist clones an organism, it is as if he is taking life into his own hands and
Tuesday, May 5, 2020
Relationship between Education Crime Rate - Myassignmenthelp.Com
Question: Discuss about the Relationship between Education Crime Rate. Answer: Introduction Crimes or criminal activities can affect the well-being of the individuals and families in Australia at large. Crime policymakers need to consider few factors while formulating laws, rules, and regulations for eliminating criminal activities. It is essential to measure the crime rate so as to identify the number of criminal cases affecting the quality of life of the people in Australia. It has been analyzed that the high crime rates are attached with poverty, unemployment, excess use of drugs, problems related to family relationship and low education level (Lochner, 2011). It has been identified that there is a lack of awareness among the people or in the society due to which there is a rise in the crime rate. It has been identified that criminal activities are ranging from strike, theft, kill, assault, thievery, auto burglary and robbery. Various initiatives have been taken by the government of Australia so as to cope with the issue. Criminal education is an effective approach for m aking the society aware of the crime taking place and making them aware of their rights (Lochner, 2011). This research program will discuss the crime trend in Australia so as to identify whether there is an increase or decrease in the crime rate of Australia. Information will be provided for analyzing the trend in Australia. Project Objective Research objectives are defined so as to guide the research program in the right direction. The research program is carried out to analyze the relationship shared between the crime rate and criminal education in Australia. The objective of the research is to analyze the crime rates and crime trend prevailing in Australia. It is vital for the government of Australia to reduce the crime rate. This research will focus on the concept of criminal education which will help in eliminating the criminal cases in Australia. Critical analysis will be done of the different articles for the attainment of the objective defined in the research. Project Scope Criminal activities are creating harm to the society which needs to be targeted. This research program will discuss the analysis of the relationship between the crime rate and criminal education in Australia. Different articles will be reviewed so as to critically analyze the different aspects of the research topic. This research will provide knowledge of the different aspects including crime rate, crime trend and criminal education and its importance in coping with the rising issue. Different approaches will be discussed which will provide support to the data collection process. The recommendation will be made regarding including the criminal education as a compulsory aspect for dealing with the criminal activities. Literature review Criminal activities are taking place in different forms which are creating an impact on the well-being of the society. Criminal activities are creating an impact on the society financially, emotionally, psychologically and physically. Criminal activities are creating a long-term impact on the life of the society. Fear of crime has created an impact on the engagement of the individual in the community and reduction in the trust towards others in the society. From the data collected from Rule of Law Institute of Australia (2016), it has been analyzed that there has been a decrease in the crime rate across Australia in the year 2014-2015. Policies formulated by the government of Australia has resulted in a decrease in the rates of crime in Australia. Different age groups or genders are suffering from the criminal activities. People of Australia in under an incorrect belief that there has been a rise in the crime rates in Australia (Machin, et. al., 2011). According to Australia Bureau of Statistics (2010), criminal education has been considered as a tool for coping with the increasing crime rates and crime trend. It is possible to reduce the crime rates with the help of promoting criminal education. Crime is considered as a negative externality which comes with social costs. Including criminal education in the education sector will help the government in reducing crime. There are various reasons responsible for believing that education can create an impact on subsequent crime. Compulsory laws have been implemented by the government for the purpose of ensuring the safety of the society. Education creates an impact on the criminal decisions (Scott Hogg, 2015). Education not only deals with the crimes but also promotes lawfulness in the society. The government of Australia is focusing on introducing different programs for promoting knowledge of the crime and its impact on the individual as well as on the society (Hjalmarsson Lochner, 2 012). Education is considered as an effective approach for the purpose of discouraging crime. Youth need to be taught to be patient and to be aware of the adverse impact of the crime on their wellbeing. Australia has been considered as a safe country for stay purpose as the crime rate has been reduced due to the efforts of the government of Australia. Rates of crime in Australia are lower in comparison to the developed countries (Benier, et. al., 2016). For dealing with the rising level of crime in Australia, the government of Australia is focusing on preventing and detecting activities and increasing the penalties charged on people for committing a crime (Norton, 2011). Research questions Research questions are constructed with a motive to form a base on the basis of which data collection process will take place. Research questions will help in gathering data related to the crime rate, crime trend and criminal education in Australia and link between the crime rate and criminal education in Australia. Research questions for the research program are stated below: Primary Question What is the relationship between the crime rate and criminal education in Australia? Secondary Questions Why is criminal education an essential element for dealing with the criminal activities in Australia? What actions can be taken for reducing the crime rate in Australia? Research Design and Methodology Research methodology discusses the various methods or approaches which have been selected for the purpose of gathering data. In this research program, data will be gathered regarding the relationship between crime rate and criminal education in Australia. Data collection will be done with the use of different methods or approaches. Criminal education plays a vital role which helps in determining the manner in which crime rate data and information communicated to the public. It is vital to analyze the crime trend and crime rates in Australia so as to identify the contribution of criminal education in reducing the crime rate. Qualitative research: explanatory research method has been chosen for this research program for assembling of the data. Explanatory research is being used with a motive to develop an understanding of the various reasons, causes and the effects of these reasons (Rahi, 2017). This approach chosen will help in providing a detailed explanation of the aspects. The motive behind using explanatory research in a research program is to identify the problem and developing a better research model (Baskerville Pries-Heje, 2010). A research outline will be prepared for developing the research idea. This approach will help in providing in-depth information. The purpose of selecting explanatory research include increasing the understanding of the aspects, flexible and reliable sources and provides a better summary of the collected data (Subedi, 2016). There are few challenges which can be faced while using explanatory research approach. These challenges include Biasedness of data and ineffectual s amples (Saunders, 2011). Criminal activities have affected the quality of life of people at large and it is essential to deal with this issue properly. Quantitative research: quantitative research will be used for gathering numerical data which will help in providing a better understanding of the aspects of the research topic. In this research program, quantitative research will be conducted for the purpose of collecting data related to the crime trend and crime rate in Australia. This data will enhance the authenticity of the data collected. Calculated data will be used in the quantitative research for forming facts and disclosing the different patterns related to the research program. This approach is considered more structured in comparison to qualitative data collection methods (Quick Hall, 2015). Numerical data will be gathered with the use of secondary data. Crime rates or trend is being analyzed with the help of the secondary data. Data collection: data collection is an important activity on which research is dependent. Data presented in this research will be gathered with the use of data collection methods. Analysis has been made of the different sources available so as to choose the most appropriate one. Secondary sources of data collection will be assembled in this research. Secondary sources can be defined as the pre-collected data which has been assembled by other researchers and used in their research works. The motive behind collecting data using secondary source is to provide reliable and authentic data (Johnston, 2014). Secondary data will be assembled from the internet including articles, journals, notifications, and websites. Procedures and techniques: in this research program, secondary data will be assembled so as to provide authentic data regarding the research topic. Secondary data will be gathered with the help of internet sources. For maintaining the reliability and authenticity of the data, secondary sources published or issued by the authentic authorities will be used. Research strategies: an action plan has been prepared so as to conduct the research in a sequential order. It is vital to cover every aspect for the attainment of the objectives of the research. The focus will be on performing the research in a sequence so as to gather relevant data and presenting the data for developing the understanding or gaining knowledge. Research timeframe: research program has to be conducted within the timeframe provided for the purpose of maintaining the relevance of the research. This research has been divided into different activities so as to cover every aspect properly. It is vital to complete the research program within the time period allocated for attaining the objectives of the course. Ethical consideration: ethical aspects must be considered while conducting the research program so as to execute the research fairly. Ethical aspects play a vital role as they are norms or standards which are adapted for conducting the research by differentiating in the right and wrong. Ethical considerations have helped in differentiating between the acceptable and non-acceptable behavior. Principles or values which have been considered for this research are honesty, fairness, and confidentiality. Research Limitations There are few limitations which can create an impact on the process of the research program. These limitations need to be identified and dealt in a proper manner for presenting the data in a better manner and attaining the objectives. These limitations include: Shortage of resources: there are various resources required for the purpose of conducting the research. These resources include human resource and finance which will be used for conducting the research. Shortage of time: research program needs to be completed within the time period allocated. This will ensure that the research program is completed successfully. Lack of access to the data: data will be collected with the help of primary and secondary sources of data collection. Lack of access to the data can affect the data collection process. Time Schedule (Research Plan) Sequence Activity Initiation date Duration (Days) Completion date Description A) Choosing topic of the research 04 January 2018 1 04 January 2018 In this activity, the topic for the research will be selected. B) Construction of the plans 05 January 2018 3 07 January 2018 In this phase of the action plan, plans will be prepared so as to lay down a way for completion of the research successfully. C) Execution of the plans 08 January 2018 7 14 January 2018 In this phase, plans will be put into actions for the execution of the research successfully. D) Selection of the data collection methods 15 January 2018 2 16 January 2018 In this phase, methods for the collection of data will be selected. Different methods of data collection are available which can be used for the assembling of the relevant data. E) Collection of the data 17 January 2018 9 25 January 2018 Data will be collected with the help of methods of data collection chosen. F) Analysis and evaluation phase 26 January 2018 5 30 January 2018 Data gathered will be analyzed and evaluated for extracting meaningful data. G) Conclusion and recommendations 31 January 2018 1 31 January 2018 Data analyzed and evaluated will be used for drawing a conclusion and making recommendations for the research. Gantt chart Conclusion Thus, from the above discussion, it can be concluded that crime education is an essential element which contributes towards a reduction in the crime rate. Crime rates are increasing which are resulting in negative impact on the society. Criminal education needs to be provided to the youth so as to spread awareness among the society. Criminal education will help in making the society aware of their rights and explaining the harms criminal activities are creating to the quality of life of the people. It is important for the government of Australia to make criminal education compulsory part of fighting against the criminal activities taking place in Australia. Consequences of the criminal activities need to be explained to the society for overcoming this major issue. References Australia Bureau of Statistics, 2010, Crime in Australia, Australia Bureau of Statistics. Baskerville, R. Pries-Heje, J., 2010, Explanatory Design Theory, Business Information Systems Engineering, Volume 2,Issue5,pp. 271282. Benier, K., Wickes, R. Higginson, A., 2016, Ethnic Hate Crime in Australia: Diversity and Change in the Neighbourhood Context, British Journal of Criminology, 56(3), pp.479496. Hjalmarsson, R. Lochner, L., 2012, The Impact of Education on Crime: International Evidence, University of Western Ontario. Johnston, M. P., 2014, Secondary Data Analysis: A Method of which the Time Has Come, Qualitative and Quantitative Methods in Libraries, pp. 619 626. Lochner, L., 2011, Education Policy and Crime, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp. 465-515. Lochner, L., 2011, Non-Production Benefits of Education: Crime, Health, and Good Citizenship, Handbook of the Economics of Education, Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, pp. 183-282. Machin, S., Marie, O. Vujic, S. I., 2011, The Crime Reducing Effect of Education, The Economic Journal, Vol. 121, 463484. Machin, S., Marie, O. Vujic, S., 2011, The Crime Reducing Effect of Education, Economic Journal, 121, pp. 463-84. Norton, A., 2011, Does higher education reduce crime?, Andrew Norton. Quick, J. Hall, S., 2015, Part three: The quantitative approach, Journal of perioperative practice, vol. 25, no. 10, pp. 192. Rahi, S., 2017, Research Design and Methods: A Systematic Review of Research Paradigms, Sampling Issues and Instruments Development, International Journal of Economics Management Sciences. Rule of Law Institute of Australia, 2016, Crimes rates in Australia, Institute of Australia. Saunders, M. N., 2011, Research methods for business students, Pearson Education India. Scott, J. Hogg, R., 2015, Strange and stranger ruralities: Social constructions of rural crime in Australia,Journal of Rural Studies, 39, p.171. Subedi, D., 2016, Explanatory Sequential Mixed Method Design as the Third Research Community of Knowledge Claim, American Journal of Educational Research, Vol. 4, No. 7, 570-577.
Saturday, April 11, 2020
Constituents of an Information System
An information system is a preset or manual scheme of facts presentation. It is formed when data is amassed, structured, stocked up and presented in a methodical sequence. Most importantly, the data in an information system can be used for decision making in an institution.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Constituents of an Information System specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Incase a decision has to be initiated; the data can be used to ease these decisions or even make most part of the decision. In addition, an information system can be used in reporting advancements in an institution. In planning and evaluation of programs, an individual can use the data in an information system. As a result, an information system is a vital component in management of an institution as it bears most of the reference strategies used in administration (Stair, Reynolds Reynolds 10). Constituents of an information system Hardware Hardware mainly constitutes the machinery used in information storage or presentation. Thus, it might include a computerââ¬â¢s central processing unit (CPU) used for storage of the preset data. It can also include a computer monitor used in viewing the data. It is evident that a mouse together with the keyboard is also considered as constituents of the hardware. During the staging of the data, a projector can be used to highlight the data hence it is considered as a constituent of the system. It is noteworthy that the chief rationale of the system hardware is to ease the use of the data stored. Software Software refers to the preset programs used in an information structure and the manuals that accompany them. It is evident that the programs used in such a structure must have manuals that make easy their application. Most importantly, the computer or preset programs are only accessible via a machine that possesââ¬â¢ instructions used to direct their usage. The most common equi pment used in the reading of these programs is the CPU. Additionally, these programs can be stored outside the CPU in diverse storage devices (Stair, Reynolds Reynolds 12). Data Data refers to the concepts contained in programs that result into consumable information accessed by an individual. Similarly, these concepts are also stored in devices just like the case of preset programs and can be accessed using a computer. However, data can also be constrained in the form of hard copy and accessed manually through reading.Advertising Looking for essay on it? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Additionally, data used in an information structure needs to have back up that can be accessed or retrieved incase the original copy gets damaged or lost. It is thus noted that an information structure can not exist when there are no data (Erasmus, Ferreira, Groenewald Ngcobo 294). Procedures A procedure mainly constitutes the instructions th at dictate the operation of an automated system, for example, the computer. Procedure facilitates the utilization of the data contained in an information structure as it provides the navigation required to access the information. Without procedures, preset data might not be accessed. However, data stored in the form of hard copy can be accessed, devoid of procedures as they are manually read. People People mainly depict the operators of the machinery and the consumers of data in information systems. People are sometimes over-looked when considering the components of such a system. It is noteworthy that people determine the failure or success of any system. Thus, the operators and consumers are essential components of the system (Helly Rosenblatt 7). Works Cited Erasmus, Annatjie, Ferreira, Edmund, Groenewald, Darelle Ngcobo Musa. Administrative Management. Paarl. Juta and Company Ltd, 2004. Print. Helly, Gary Rosenblatt, Harry. Systems Analysis and Design. Massachusetts, MA: Ceng age Learning, 2009. Print. Stair, Ralph, Reynolds, George Reynolds, George. Principles of Information Systems. Massachusetts, MA: Cengage Learning, 2009. Print. This essay on Constituents of an Information System was written and submitted by user Bruce Bright to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.
Tuesday, March 10, 2020
Bbqgardens in baltimore, md Essay Example
Bbqgardens in baltimore, md Essay Example Bbqgardens in baltimore, md Essay Bbqgardens in baltimore, md Essay BBQGardens in Baltimore, MD Which are the Gorgeous BBQ Garden Restaurants of Baltimore, MD? The BBQ garden eating topographic point ofBaltimore, MD bistros is so nice, first-class and comparatively attractive. The BBQ garden eating houses employees are really experient and affable. BBQ Gardens list is as follows: Milton s grill Applebee s vicinity grill Large Bad Wolf s house of barbecue Outback Steakhouse Barbara elan of psyche For more information on Baltimore, MD BBQ garden eating houses explore the undermentioned nexus. You can detect the list of elegant BBQ garden eating houses in the nexus below. hypertext transfer protocol: //local.yahoo.com/MD/Baltimore/Food+Dining/Restaurants/Barbecue+Restaurants hypertext transfer protocol: //baltimore.chowbaby.com/cuisines/BBQ % 20Restaurants Which are the Best BBQ Gardens Restaurants in Baltimore, MD? 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You can seek online and happen the topmost discounted garden eating house that provides you tasty culinary art. hypertext transfer protocol: //findlocal.baltimoresun.com/search/restaurants/topic.restaurants.cuisine.american.barbeque First you collect the Baltimore, MD eating houses list that provide BBQ garden installation Expression at the anterior guest reappraisal among the top class and discover about the cost and service of the eating house. Explore the user evaluations and reappraisals of garden eating houses Baltimore, MD and choose the best 1s You can besides seek online for price reductions trades provided by assorted gorgeous BBQ garden eating houses of Baltimore, MD. 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Baltimore, MD Pig Picker s Bar-B-Que is one of the best celebrated traditional eating houses which provide their visitants with tasty cuisines.ThePig Picker s Bar-B-Quehas been a family of barbecue for about twenty old ages in Baltimore, MD. With the new add-on of psyche nutrient to the bill of fare this carry out eating house has some of the best nutrient in town. The best psyche nutrient particular in Pig Picker s Bar-B-Queis the Rib A ; runt. Exciting environment characteristics of this Pig Picker s Bar-B-Quegarden eating house in Detroit, MI include beautiful garden, out-of-door terrace, or an enclosed agreement like arbor or summerhouse. 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For farther inside informations visit the below nexus: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.travelchannel.com/Places_Trips/Destinations/North_America/United_States/Maryland/Baltimore/Restaurants/Chilis_Grill_And_Bar Capital Grille garden offers assortments of soups such as Burnt terminal soup, Soup A ; half sandwich, tampered ruddy chili s etc For more inside informations on this particular soup bill of fare in Capital Grille garden cheque out the given below nexus: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.travelchannel.com/Places_Trips/Destinations/North_America/United_States/Maryland/Baltimore/Restaurants/Capital_Grille_The Kumari Indian eating house in Baltimore, MD offers appetisers such as Bombay Bhel, Chat Papadi, Chicken Pakora, Chicken MoMo Steamed or Fried, Meat Samosa, Nepali Khaja, Paneer Pakora, Tandoori Shrimp, Vegetarian Assorted Platter, Non-Vegetarian Assorted Platter etc. For more inside informations visit the nexus: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.kumarirestaurant.com/menu.php To cognize more about the nutrient points in other BBQ garden eating houses in Baltimore, MD you can utilize the undermentioned web nexus: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.gayot.com/restaurants/best-baltimore-md-barbecue_29ba.html
Saturday, February 22, 2020
Sex Education in Schools Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words
Sex Education in Schools - Essay Example This paper declares thatà sexuality in children is a complex issue that Sigmund Freud has divided into five stages known as sexual development. The five steps include oral phase, the anal stage also known as bowel, and bladder elimination, a phallic stage that is the discovery of genitals, latency stage which the dormant sexual feelings. The final phase is the genital stage that occurs at maturity of sexuality.à He argues that during every stage of sexual growth, children acquire the vital development to become an adaptive adult. Freud theorized explanations for numerous repressed feelings, and desires, yet also assist in developing strong gender roles. During that time, the boys begin to develop intense anxiety, which is similar to girls.From the discussion it is clear thatà sex education in school is vital in that the teenagers will get to know how sexually transmitted diseases are acquired, the issues of contraception, abstinence. If they are not going to learn them in scho ol where better would they learn about it? From media?Or friends?Or do we want them to learn sex education from the responsible adults? When we leave our children in the hands of the media or friend to give them sex education, we may be initiating ourà problems. Some of the friends or media are deceitful.à They can mislead the young children to their advantage. Moreover, some friend may take advantage of the innocence of the child and abuse the roles they are expected to play. If we cannot trust our schools with such matters then, who can be trusted with our children?
Thursday, February 6, 2020
HRM Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words
HRM - Coursework Example In order to set up an effective HR department, the first step would be to review current policies and practices. This involves reviewing the various HR functions and expectations. In this case, the HR functions will include recruitment and selection, performance management, reward management, workplace management, capacity building, employee relations and establishing an effective HRM system. The HR takes into account the organizationââ¬â¢s structure, systems, politics, positions among others. The next step is to discuss the beliefs and values of the organization with senior management. Here, the HR takes it upon himself discuss issues such as the organizationââ¬â¢s short term and long term goals and objectives, the expectations of the HR department and how the HR contributes to the objectives of the organization. The HR should also discuss the current organizational culture, as well as core activities and business drivers with senior management. By now the HR has a wide view o f what the organization is working towards and is ready to be part of it. The next step is to formulate the HR departmentââ¬â¢s objectives and strategies. This involves drafting job description, job analysis, job specifications, payroll and compensation. The HR will also have to lay out appointment, termination and resignation procedures. As a function of HR, it is necessary to draft induction and orientation programs. At this point, it is essential to review main functions of HR department. These key functions include job development, recruitment and selection, organizational behavior policies and programs, organizing, HR planning, performance management, HR development, reward management, employee relations, health and safety of employees. With this in mind, the next step is to note what is necessary for the organization in order of priority to make up the HR system. Here, the HR should write a report detailing the situation on the ground, the HR department required priorities, the action plan and the time schedule. The HR can now form the department as the HR manager with the assistance of one training manager, one salary administration manager and recruitment and selection manager. The HR then seeks approval from senior management to implement the plan. Question two The most appealing HR function is the recruitment and selection process. This is because it is the core function of the HR department. Without recruitment and selection, there would be no workforce; hence, there would be no HR department. Absence of workforce to carry out the activities an organization will lead to its closure. The information in the article is detailing the importance of the recruitment and selection process in any organization. The article details the steps that the HR manager should follow in the recruitment and selection process. Any organization requires qualified and competent employees; hence, the article emphasizes the need for a thorough recruitment and selection pr ocess. According to the article, the recruitment and selection process should be as efficient as possible, because the success of any organization depends on it. The article attempts to solve the problem of managers who take the process lightly. A HR manager, who fails in the selection and recruitment of employees, will be responsible for the failure of the organization. The articles also insist that team charged with recruitment and selection should have the required skills. This is because this team has the
Tuesday, January 28, 2020
Automated Library System and Integration of Automated Library System Essay Example for Free
Automated Library System and Integration of Automated Library System Essay For the past century, change occurred rapidly in professional industry and has posed significant challenges to those who always tries to be the leader in the professional field. The information waves or some called the information revolution triggered by the rising of networking technologies and personal computers has also impacted to an institution that is quite unknown to some but essential to the community, the library institution. Libraries, as we know of as buildings with stacks of books, magazine, news, files, periodicals and signs of silence all around, may face its extinction someday. One may not run to the library or a librarian for information, but to ones own computer which is the basic of automation. The uprising of globalization, marketization, and privatization had bring significant changes the long-held political and economic beliefs. Governments and social sponsors have been propagating that social institutionsââ¬âbe they hospitals, schools, colleges, and librariesââ¬âbecome self-sufficient if they are to purposefully work and demonstrate their relevance and competence to their clients. Institutional excellence will now have to be achieved through the arm race of technologies rather than through rules, regulations and controls.. Librarians and information managers, therefore, are being asked to generate revenue to become self-sustaining as much as possible. In Malaysia, libraries and information centers have begun to realize that marketing of information products and services is an integral part of administration, especially as a means for improving user satisfaction and promoting the use of services by current and potential users. The main arsenal for libraries in Malaysia can utilize would be the automated library system and integration of automated library system. These systems has proven that it can improve substantially the services that a common library can offer. An integrated library system (ILS), also known as a library management system is a system for a library, used to track, orders made, items owned bills paid, and patrons who have borrowed. An Integrated Library System usually consist of a type of relational database, software to interact with that database. Then thereââ¬â¢s user interface that would interact with user and also patrons of the library. There are also modules which include acquisition, circulation, cataloguing, serials, OPAC (public interface for users). These features ease the user of library in their research or other tasks. However these systems are strangers to most library institution in Malaysia. It has been implement in only a handful of institutions such as UiTM , UM ,UTM and few more private institution. This scenario happened not because Malaysia donââ¬â¢t have such capabilities to grab these technologies but lack of marketing strategies to in promoting the use of such systems. Three main factors, namely the information explosion, the technology revolution, and escalating library costs are responsible for encouraging the library profession in Malaysia to develop a marketing approach in its operations and services. Some information service managers feel that marketing is inimical to the nature of their activities. But with steep competition from other institution in the country, marketing is a factor for survival. There are some radical marketing strategies in order to market information systems library in Malaysia that can be apply. These strategies can be interpreted by the market the market targeted , extraordinary plans that could raise attention and also drastic measures from the national bodies and major institution and organizations. Market or target users for information systems library in Malaysia must be thoroughly defined first in order for the technologies to grow in our soil. In Malaysia, the target public and audience would be mostly students which consist of various layer of education level. Their needs and demands in library services such as navigation, guides in their research can be fulfill through the systems. By studying their likes would help in plans of promoting the system and also could meet the target audience easier Introduction of the system or better yet the education of the systemsââ¬â¢ use and functions to the public is prior in marketing the information system. Malaysia has various kind of media channel such as the radio, television, satellite channels and vast amount of printed materials. Advertising the information systems in libraries by making a short clip with a twist of a little drama and education in the systemââ¬â¢s role assisting users to their needs. The education should also be consistent and updated periodically to refresh audienceââ¬â¢s knowledge and awareness from time to time. Integration of information system through networking can also be a good marketing strategies for institution in Malaysia since the distance is no more a factor and a mutual bond already existed between education institution in Malaysia. This could help a wide spread of information system network which applies the same system and processes wherever its located in the country. This could ultimately be far more efficient for the users ( mainly the students) in using the system anywhere they want since it would incorporated the same user interface , functions, database . Technologies has also developed a new kind of attraction for the users nowadays. It offers applications and software that allows users to interact with each other , socialize through wire, gain information and keep updated through high speed network. Information system in libraries and integrated system can absorb and assimilate this application in its chain of function which would be more interactive and give the users more experience of the cyber networking via an information system in a library. Also, some more value add to the systems could attract more library user such as networking andweb browsing which would help the customer expand their search wider. There are also marketing strategies that could be implemented throughout government assistance is standardizing all the library institution by ensuring that every library in the country must be equipped with the automated information and integrated system. Although it is a quite a risky and costly for some , but the services would surely improved and would extend the image of libraries in Malaysia as a benchmark for other institution in the country. The government could also help promoting and marketing this system by introducing it to the primary and secondary level education in form of a mini automated system that can easily be used by those ages of kids in their own school library which would familiarize and make them easier to adapt to the real system in the future. Another strategies in extending the information system is through the enhancement of library personnel ââ¬Ës professional knowledge and skills for marketing the information system and services that a library offer. Library personnel should enhance their professional skills with technical knowledge and diverse skillset. This would drastically changed the user perception thus promoting the system in a way of its own. Conclusion is that these automated library system and integration of automated library system in Malaysia will succeed if the campaign focus on some important aspect of the process such as increasing the clientele and reaching out to them. Unless the information is used , it is major waste to the resources. Other than that, always ensure that product innovation and flexibility always evolve throughout the period and the financial viability for the whole process maintained at a safe level. There should also some kind of awareness and cooperation in between major organization , government ,institution and the user itself . With all that , it would not be impossible for library institution in Malaysia can also change and compete with other international institution that has long exceed us in information technologies and libraries management.
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